Mangelernährung bei Müttern und Kindern in ärmeren Ländern

Die Zeitschrift The Lancet beschreibt in einer Serie ursächliche Zusammenhänge in den Ernährungsgewohnheiten von Müttern und deren Auswirkungen auf Kleinkindern in Ländern mit geringerem und mittlerem Einkommen.
Die Analysen sind im Kontext der Rechenschaftslegung über die Erfüllung der UN – Millenniumsziele 2000 – 2015 entstanden.
Sie bilden die fachliche Grundlage für Folgeuntersuchungen zum Thema Mangelernährung entsprechend den geopolitisch spezifischen Gegebenheiten einer Region.
Besonderes Augenmerk galt und gilt dem verborgenen Hunger und seinen Ursachen bei unter fünfjährigen Kindern und ihren Müttern.
Die Kernaussagen sind hier als Zitat aus der unten angeführten Publikation wiedergegeben:

Key – Messages

• Iron and calcium deficiencies contribute substantially to maternal deaths
• Maternal iron deficiency is associated with babies with low weight (<2500 g) at birth
• Maternal and child undernutrition, and unstimulating household environments, contribute to deficits in children’s development and health and productivity in adulthood
• Maternal overweight and obesity are associated with maternal morbidity, preterm birth, and increased infant mortality
• Fetal growth restriction is associated with maternal short stature and underweight and causes 12% of child deaths
• Stunting prevalence is slowly decreasing globally, but affected at least 165 million children younger than 5 years in 2011; wasting affected at least 52 million children
• Suboptimum breastfeeding results in more than 800?000 child deaths annually
• Undernutrition, including fetal growth restriction, suboptimum breastfeeding, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc, cause 45% of child deaths, resulting in 3.1 million deaths annually
• Prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in children younger than 5 years globally and is an important contributor to diabetes and other chronic diseases in adulthood
• Undernutrition during pregnancy, affecting fetal growth, and the first 2 years of life is a major determinant of both stunting of linear growth and subsequent obesity and non-communicable diseases in adulthood

Grafiken

Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (1995–2005), iodine deficiency (2013), inadequate zinc intake (2005), and iron deficiency anaemia (2011)

Global deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to nutritional disorders

Read and see more:

R.E. Black et al. Maternal Child Nutrition Study G. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382:427–451.
Link: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2960937-X/abstract